Green energy push will continue despite Trump, says Obama

Renewable energy sources will continue to grow in the US despite the antipathy of the incoming Trump administration, President Obama has said.

Power companies are unlikely to switch back to coal, regardless of Trump's plans to boost production of the polluting fuel, the president said.

Trump has also said he wants the US to pull out of the Paris climate agreement. But President Obama says this would see the US lose its "seat at the table".

The president's views appeared in a policy forum article in the highly regarded research journal, Science. The editors believe it is the first time that a sitting president has written such a feature.

In the article, the President argues that a "massive scientific record" shows that climate change is "real and cannot be ignored".

Obama also details the reasons why he believes the trend towards a low-carbon economy is now "irreversible".

He points to the fact that between 2008 and 2015 the US economy grew by 10 per cent while emissions of carbon dioxide fell by almost the same amount.

Obama says that US businesses have increasingly seen the financial benefits from cutting carbon through greater energy efficiency, and he believes that the policies he has put in place have helped US energy production move to lower carbon sources.

Citing the examples of corporations like General Motors and Alcoa, the President says the US consumed 2.5 per cent less energy in 2015 than in 2008 while the economy was now 10 per cent bigger.

There would be a huge financial penalty if economies don't reduce their emissions, Obama writes.

If CO2 continues to rise then global temperatures could go up by 4 degrees Celsius by the end of this century, and that could cost the world economy 4 per cent of GDP.

In US terms, that would equate to the loss of federal revenue of between $340 billion and $690 billion every year.

Pointedly, Obama says that 2.2 million Americans now work in jobs connected to energy efficiency - double the 1.1 million that work in fossil fuel production and electricity generation.

Thanks to hydraulic fracturing or fracking, gas has emerged as a transformative energy source, now accounting for 33 per cent of US electricity production.

Coal has suffered thanks to a plentiful supply of cheap gas, a situation unlikely to change under President Trump

Despite Trump's plans to revive the coal industry by cutting red tape, "it is unlikely that utilities will change course and choose to build coal-fired power plants, which would be more expensive than natural gas plants, regardless of any near-term changes in federal policy".

Even states that supported Donald Trump in the presidential election had moved heavily to renewables. Iowa generated 32 per cent of their electricity in 2015 from wind, up from 8 per cent in 2008.

On the Paris climate agreement, Obama said this was a "fundamental shift in the diplomatic landscape which has already yielded substantial dividends".

Pulling out of the agreement, as Trump has mulled doing, would see the United States lose its seat at the table, and be unable to hold other countries to their commitments, the President wrote. Continued participation in the Paris process, Obama said, would yield great benefit for the American people and the international community.

However, the outgoing president was careful to offer an olive branch of sorts to President-elect Trump. He argued that the targets that the US signed up to in the Paris agreement could be achieved in many different ways and "this does not mean that the next administration has to follow identical domestic policies".