Exposure to bisphenol before birth linked to behavioural, difficulties in girls

Exposure in the womb to bisphenol A (BPA) - a chemical used to make plastic containers and other consumer goods - is associated with behaviour and emotional problems in young girls, according to a study led by researchers at Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, and Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia.
 
BPA is found in many consumer products, including canned food linings, polycarbonate plastics, dental sealants, and some receipts made from thermal paper. Most people living in industrialised nations are exposed to BPA.

BPA has been shown to interfere with normal development in animals and has been linked with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people. In a 2009 study, HSPH researchers showed that drinking from polycarbonate bottles increased the level of urinary BPA.
 
In this study, published 24 October  2011, in an advance online edition of Pediatrics, lead author Joseph Braun, research fellow in environmental health at HSPH, and his colleagues found that gestational BPA exposure was associated with more behavioural problems at age 3, especially in girls.
 
The researchers collected data from 244 mothers and their 3-year-old children in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, conducted in the Cincinnati area. Mothers provided three urine samples during pregnancy and at birth that were tested for BPA; their children were tested each year from ages 1 to 3.
 
When the children were 3 years old, the mothers completed surveys about their children's behaviour. ''None of the children had clinically abnormal behaviour, but some children had more behaviour problems than others. Thus, we examined the relationship between the mom's and children's BPA concentrations and the different behaviours,'' Braun said.
 
BPA was detected in over 85 per cent of the urine samples from the mothers and over 96 per cent of the children's urine samples.

The researchers found that maternal BPA concentrations were similar between the first sample and birth. The children's BPA levels decreased from ages 1 to 3, but were higher and more variable than that of their mothers.
 
After adjusting for possible contributing factors, increasing gestational BPA concentrations were associated with more hyperactive, aggressive, anxious, and depressed behavior and poorer emotional control and inhibition in the girls. This relationship was not seen in the boys.
 
The study confirms two prior studies showing that exposure to BPA in the womb impacts child behaviour, but is the first to show that in utero exposures are more important than exposures during childhood, Braun said. ''Gestational, but not childhood BPA exposures, may impact neurobehavioral function, and girls appear to be more sensitive to BPA than boys,'' he said.
 
Although more research is needed to fully understand the health effects of BPA exposure, clinicians can advise those concerned to reduce their BPA exposure by avoiding canned and packaged foods, thermal paper sales receipts, and polycarbonate bottles with the number 7 recycling symbol, the authors wrote.