Electricity from the nose: engineers generate power from human respiration

Aassistant professor Xudong Wang, postdoctoral researcher Chengliang Sun and graduate student Jian Shi report creating a plastic microbelt that vibrates when passed by low-speed airflow such as human respiration.

Their research was carried in the September issue of the journal Energy and Environmental Science, Materials Science and Engineering
 
In certain materials, such as the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) used by Wang's team, an electric charge accumulates in response to applied mechanical stress. This is known as the piezoelectric effect, the same one that's at work in the gas grill.

The researchers engineered PVDF to generate sufficient electrical energy from respiration to operate small electronic devices.
 
"Basically, we are harvesting mechanical energy from biological systems. The airflow of normal human respiration is typically below about two metres per second," says Wang. "We calculated that if we could make this material thin enough, small vibrations could produce a microwatt of electrical energy that could be useful for sensors or other devices implanted in the face."
 
Researchers are taking advantage of advances in nanotechnology and miniaturised electronics to develop a host of biomedical devices that could monitor blood glucose for diabetics or keep a pacemaker battery charged so that it would not need replacing.

What's needed to run these tiny devices is a miniscule power supply. Waste energy in the form or blood flow, motion, heat, or in this case respiration, offers a consistent source of power.
 
Wang's team used an ion-etching process to carefully thin material while preserving its piezoelectric properties. With improvements, he believes the thickness can be controlled down to the submicron level. Because PVDF is biocompatible, he says the development represents a significant advance toward creating a practical micro-scale device for harvesting energy from respiration.