Scientists create human sperm from skin cells

Scientists in Spain recently announced that they had created human sperm from skin cells, a medical feat which could eventually lead to a treatment for infertility.

The researchers said they were working to find a solution for the roughly 15 per cent of couples worldwide who are unable to have children and whose only option is to use donated sperm or eggs.

''What to do when someone who wants to have a child lacks gametes (eggs or sperm)?'' asked Carlos Simon, the scientific director of the Valencian Infertility Institute, Spain's first medical institution fully dedicated to assisted reproduction.

''This is the problem we want to address to be able to create gametes in people who do not have them.''

The result of their research, which was carried out with Standford University in the US, was published in Scientific Reports, an online journal of nature.

They were inspired by the work of Japan's Shinya Yamanaka and Britain's John Gordon who in 2012 shared a Nobel Prize for the discovery that adult cells can be transformed back into embryo-like stem cells.

Simon and his team managed to re-programme mature skin cells by introducing a mix of genes needed to create gametes.

Within a month the skin cell was transformed to become a germ cell, which can develop into sperm or an egg, but it did not have the ability to fertilise, they found.

''This is a sperm but it needs a further maturation phase to become a gamete. This is just the beginning,'' Simon said.

It is a step further than that reached by Chinese researchers who earlier this year announced they had created mice from artificial sperm.

''With the human species we must do much more testing because we are talking about the birth of child,'' Simon said.

The researchers also must take into account legal constraints since the technique involves the creation of artificial embryos which right now is only allowed in some countries.

''We are talking about a long process,'' Simon said.