Kakrapar Atomic Power Project Unit-4 achieves criticality

The 700 MW fourth unit of Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP) achieved criticality (start of controlled fission chain reaction) on 17 December 2023, marking the completion of the project.

Central regulator Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) had issued clearance to the unit after a rigorous review of safety of the plant systems. 

The unit will be subjected to further experiments / tests and the power level raised in steps, subject to further clearances by the AERB, before starting operation of the unit at full power.

KAPP-4 is the second in the series of 16 indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) of 700 MW each being set up in the country.

KAPP 3 and 4 (2X700 MW) are located at Kakrapar in Surat district of Gujarat, adjacent to the existing reactors KAPS 1 and 2 (2X220 MW). These indigenous PHWRs have advanced safety features and are among the safest reactors in the world. These reactors have been designed, constructed, commissioned and operated by NPCIL, with active support from Indian industries.

Addressing NCPIL officials at the site and headquarters after the event, CMD of NPCIL B C Pathak said that achievement of criticality of KAPP-4, within six months of commercial operation of Unit-3 was a significant achievement. NPCIL has now demonstrated capabilities in design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear power reactors, he added. 

NPCIL currently operates 23 reactors with a total capacity of 7,480 MW while nine units (including KAPP-4) with a capacity of 7,500 MW are under construction. In addition, 10 reactors with a total capacity of 7,000 MW are in pre-project stage. These are expected to be completed by 2031-32.